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OBJECTIVES: This report highlights the influence of a number of disorders with systemic physiological effects that impact on the development of dental hard tissues. It focuses in particular, on the pathological effects of systemic...
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OBJECTIVES: This report highlights the influence of a number of disorders with systemic physiological effects that impact on the development of dental hard tissues. It focuses in particular, on the pathological effects of systemic conditions with less well recognised, but no less important, impacts on dental development. Such conditions, include cystic fibrosis, HIV/AIDS, leukaemia, Alstrom syndrome, hypophosphatasia, Prader-Willi syndrome, Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, familial steroid dehydrogenase deficiency and epidermolysis bullosa. These, along with developmental and environmental causes of enamel and dentine defects, are discussed and the possible aetiology of such effects are proposed. Furthermore, the dental management and long-term dental care of these patients is outlined. SOURCES: MEDLINE/PubMed. CONCLUSIONS: Enamel and dentine defects can present with a wide spectrum of clinical features and may be caused by a variety of factors occurring throughout tooth development from before birth to adulthood. These may include host traits, genetic factors, immunological responses to cariogenic bacteria, saliva composition, environmental and behavioural factors and systemic diseases. These diseases and their spectrum of clinical manifestations on the organs affected (including the dentition) require an increased knowledge by dental practitioners of the disease processes, aetiology, relevant treatment strategies and prognosis, and must encompass more than simply the management of the dental requirements of the patient. It is important that the impact of the disease and its treatment, particularly in respect of immunosuppression where dental interventions may become life-threatening, is also taken into consideration.
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This study was performed to determine the effects of impregnation chemical on surface glossiness of some varnishes. For this purpose, the test samples prepared from Oriental beech, European oak, Scotch pine, Oriental spruce, and U...
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This study was performed to determine the effects of impregnation chemical on surface glossiness of some varnishes. For this purpose, the test samples prepared from Oriental beech, European oak, Scotch pine, Oriental spruce, and Uludag fir woods according to ASTM D 358 were impregnated with Imersol-Aqua according to ASTM D 1413 and producer's definition by short-term (S), medium-term (M), and long-term (L) of dipping methods and coated by synthetic (Sv), acrylic (Ac), water-based (Wb), and polyurethane (Pu) varnishes according to ASTM D 3023. After the varnishing process, the surface glossiness parallel to fibers was determined according to TS 4318. Consequently, among the nonimpregnated wood samples, surface glossiness parallel to fibers was found to be the highest in Oriental spruce and the lowest in European oak. As for the period of dipping, the highest surface glossiness was obtained in medium-term dipping and the lowest in long-term dipping. As for the varnish types, the surface glossiness was found to be the highest in polyurathane varnish and the lowest in water-based varnish. Considering the interaction of wood type, period of impregnation, and type of varnish, surface glossiness was the highest in Uludag fir, long-term dipping, and polyurathane varnish (103.9 gloss) and the lowest in Oriental beech, long-term dipping, and water-based varnish (67.78 gloss). In consequence, in the massive constructions and furniture elements the surface glossiness parallel to fibers after the impregnation with Imersol-Aqua is of great concern, long-term impregnation of Uludag fir materials could be recommended. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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BACKGROUND: Bladder and sexual dysfunction are well-documented complications of rectal cancer surgery. This study aimed to determine whether laparoscopy can improve the outcome of these dysfunctions or not. METHODS: The study incl...
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BACKGROUND: Bladder and sexual dysfunction are well-documented complications of rectal cancer surgery. This study aimed to determine whether laparoscopy can improve the outcome of these dysfunctions or not. METHODS: The study included 63 of the 116 patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer between 2002 and 2006. Bladder and male sexual function were studied by means of a questionnaire on the basis of the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). In addition, bladder function was determined by means of postvoid residual urine measurement and uroflowmetry. Postoperative functions were compared with the preoperative data to detect subjective functional deterioration. Outcomes were compared between patients who underwent open (group 1, n = 29) and laparoscopic (group 2, n = 34) total mesorectal excision. RESULTS: Only minor disturbances of bladder function were reported for one patient (3%) in group 1 and three patients (9%) in group 2 (p > 0.05). Impotency after surgery was experienced by 6 of 17 preoperatively sexually active males (29%) in group 1 and 1 of 18 males (5%) in group 2 (p = 0.04). Similarly, 5 of 10 women (50 %) in group 1 and 1 of 14 women (7%) in group 2 felt that their overall level of sexual function had decreased as a result of surgery (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Open rectal cancer resection is associated with a higher rate of sexual dysfunction, but not bladder dysfunction, compared with laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery offers a significant advantage with regard to preservation of postoperative sexual function and constitutes a true advance in rectal cancer surgery compared with the open technique. The proposed advantages can be attributed to improvement in visibility by the magnification feature of laparoscopic surgery.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of impregnation with Imersol-Aqua (I-AQUA) on the modulus of elasticity in bending of some woods. For our study, Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), oak (Quercils petrea L...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of impregnation with Imersol-Aqua (I-AQUA) on the modulus of elasticity in bending of some woods. For our study, Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), oak (Quercils petrea Liebl.), Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky), Uludag fir (Abies Bornmulleriana Lipsky), Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis Lipsky), and poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood samples were prepared according to TS EN (Turkish Standards; European Norm) 408 and impregnated with I-AQUA by the method of short-, medium-, and long-term dipping according to ASTM D 1413 and producers' definition. After the impregnation process, modulus of elasticity was measured according to TS EN 408. Consequently, among the nonimpregnated wood samples, modulus of elasticity was found to be the highest in Oriental beech (Fagus orieintalis Lipsky), (12,490 N mm(-2)) and the lowest in poplar (5439 N mm(-2)). As for the period of dipping, the highest modulus of elasticity was obtained in short-term dipping and the lowest in long-term dipping. Considering the interaction of wood type and period of impregnation, the highest modulus of elasticity in bending was obtained in Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) with short-term dipping (10,720 N mm(-2)) whereas the lowest was in poplar with long-term dipping (4597 N mm(-2)). In consequence, in massive constructions and furniture elements where the modulus of elasticity in bending after impregnation is of great concern, short term impregnation of Oriental beech and Scotch pine materials could be recommended. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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This study has been performed for determining impacts of impregnation with Imersol-AQUA (I-AQUA) to yellow color tone of some softwoods and varnishes. For this purpose, samples of scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oriental spruce...
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This study has been performed for determining impacts of impregnation with Imersol-AQUA (I-AQUA) to yellow color tone of some softwoods and varnishes. For this purpose, samples of scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.), and Uludag fir (Abies bornmlleriana L.) wood, prepared according to the ASTM D 358 standards, are impregnated with I-AQUA by short-term (S), medium-term (M), and long-term (L) immersion techniques in accordance with ASTM D 1413 and producer's definition. After impregnation, surfaces have been coated by synthetic (Sv), acrylic (Ac), water-based varnishes (Wb) and polyurethane (Pu) varnishes in accordance with ASTM D 3023 standards. According to ASTM D 2244 standards, yellow color tone value of specimens after varnishing process was determined. As a result, based on the wood material, varnish type, and impregnation period, yellow color tone was the highest in pine, medium-term dipping, and synthetic varnish and the lowest in fir, long-term dipping, and water-borne varnish. Considering the interaction of wood type, period of impregnation and type of varnish, yellow color tone was the highest in fir + medium-term of dipping + synthetic varnish and the lowest in spruce + long-term of dipping + water-borne varnish. So, impregnation process, impregnation period, and varnishes applied during tests showed increasing impact for yellow color tone value of wood materials. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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We investigated six different types of diabetic rodents. Four expressed a genetic obesity resulting in diabetes. One developed diabetes induced by a diet-dependent obesity, and one with genetic diabetes received anti-diabetic medi...
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We investigated six different types of diabetic rodents. Four expressed a genetic obesity resulting in diabetes. One developed diabetes induced by a diet-dependent obesity, and one with genetic diabetes received anti-diabetic medication. The tooth samples were examined under a scanning electron microscope and with an energy dispersive microanalysis (EDX). The electron micrographs showed severe, varying degrees of damage within the six different diabetic animal types, such as irregular crystallite deposition and prism perforations in genetically obese animals compared to less-disordered prism structures in diet-dependent obesity. Anti-diabetic medication resulted in normal enamel ultrastructure. The EDX analysis revealed a reduction in the amount of calcium and phosphorus in all regions affected by diabetes. Based on these animal studies, we suggest that both juvenile diabetes type I (in infants) and adult diabetes type II (in pregnant mothers, affecting the developing foetus) may affect the normal development of teeth in humans.
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The impact of impregnation and bleaching on the hardness of varnish layers on oak (Quercus petraea L.) wood was investigated. A number of solutions [sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); NaOH, calcium hydroxide, an...
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The impact of impregnation and bleaching on the hardness of varnish layers on oak (Quercus petraea L.) wood was investigated. A number of solutions [sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); NaOH, calcium hydroxide, and H2O2; NaOH, magnesium sulfate, and H2O2; sodium bisulfate and H2C2O4 (.) 2H(2); sodium silicate and H2O2; and potassium permanganate, sodium bisulfate, and H2O2] were applied at a concentration of 18% to bleach both impregnated [Tanalith-CBC (T-CBC) or Imersol-WR 2000 (I-WR 2000)] and unimpregnated (natural) wood panels. Subsequently, a water-based varnish (WB) was coated over the samples, and the hardness of the varnished layers was determined in accordance with ASTM D 4366. Among the samples that were varnish-coated without bleaching, T-CBC/WB yielded the highest hardness (59.50), whereas I-WR 2000/WB exhibited the lowest (49.17). However, among the samples varnish-coated after bleaching, the highest (56.50) and lowest (40.83) varnish hardness values were obtained with T-CBC/solution 2/WB and I-WR 2000/solution 4/WB, respectively. All the chemicals used for the bleaching process reduced the surface hardness. However, after the varnish coating, except for solutions 4 and 6, all the solutions showed hardness values similar to those of varnish-coated natural (control) samples. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Objective: To describe a cheap, minimally painful and widely usable method for retrieving ureteral stents by using an ureteroscope. Subjects and Methods: Sixty-seven patients with ureteral stents were enrolled in this study. The p...
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Objective: To describe a cheap, minimally painful and widely usable method for retrieving ureteral stents by using an ureteroscope. Subjects and Methods: Sixty-seven patients with ureteral stents were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomized into a cystoscopic (35 patients) and a ureteroscopic (32 patients) group. All stents were retrieved by a flexible cystoscope in the first group and by a ureteroscope in the second group under local anesthesia. Patients in each group were assessed for stented time, stent side, cause of stent placement, operative time, peroperative pain, postoperative pain, irritative voiding symptoms and hematuria. Also costs of instruments were calculated. Results: Stents were successfully retrieved in 67 patients. There were no statistical differences in the two groups regarding patient gender and age or stent side, operative time, stented time, mean operative pain score, irritative voiding symptom scores and hematuria. Total selling price was USD 20.399 for flexible instruments and USD 10.516 for rigid ones. Total maintenance price was higher in flexible instruments than in the rigid ones (USD 197.8 and 51.7 per use, respectively). Conclusion: Ureteroscopic stent retrieval is a minimally painful, safe and highly tolerable method under local anesthesia as well as flexible cystoscopic retrieval. Also, it is a cheap and widely usable method.
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This study was performed to determine the effects of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on combustion properties of oak. For this aim, the test samples prepared from oak (Quercus petreae Liebl.) wood were impregnat...
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This study was performed to determine the effects of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on combustion properties of oak. For this aim, the test samples prepared from oak (Quercus petreae Liebl.) wood were impregnated according to ASTM D 1413-99 with boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx) by vacuum technique. After impregnation, surfaces were coated by cellulosic (Cv), synthetic (Sn), polyurethane (Pu), waterborne (Wb), acrylic (Ac), and acid hardening (Ah) varnishes in accordance to ASTM D 3023. Combustion properties of samples after varnishing process were determined, according to ASTM E 160-50. According to material and process types, combustion temperature was the highest in Bx and Cv, the lowest in Ba and Ac. An important difference was not observed between without flame source combustion (WFSC) and flame source combustion (FSC). According to combustion type, impregnation material and varnish type, combustion temperature was the highest value in WFSC + Bx + acid hardening varnish combination and the lowest in WFSC + Ba + acrylic varnish combination. As a result, the tested varnishes showed an increasing impact but boron compounds showed a decreasing impact on combustion properties of oak. In consequence, for usage areas having a high risk of fire, impregnation of wood material with boron compounds before varnishing will decrease combustion temperature and provide security. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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This study has been performed for determining the effects of impregnation with Timbercare Aqua (Tc) on the red and yellow color tone of some woods and varnishes. For this purpose, the test samples prepared from Oriental beech, Eur...
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This study has been performed for determining the effects of impregnation with Timbercare Aqua (Tc) on the red and yellow color tone of some woods and varnishes. For this purpose, the test samples prepared from Oriental beech, European oak, Scotch pine, Oriental spruce, and Uludag fir woods, which met the requirements of ASTM D 358, was impregnated with Tc according to ASTM D 1413 and producer's definition. After impregnation, wood surfaces have been coated by Sayerlack parquet varnish (Sp), Sayerlack interior varnish (Si), and Sayerlack exterior varnish (Se) varnishes in accordance with the ASTM D 3023 standards. According to ASTM D 2244, the red and yellow color tone of samples after varnishing process was determined. As a result, the value of red color tone was the highest in Oriental beech (15.21) and the lowest in Uludag fir (5.38). For the wood material, impregnation material, and varnish interaction, the red color tone value was the highest in Oriental beech + Tc + Sp (18.43) and the lowest in Uludag fir + Tc + Si (3.92). The value of the yellow color tone was the highest in pine (34.45) and the lowest in Oriental beech (26.50). For the wood material, impregnation material, and varnish interaction, the yellow color tone value was the highest in Oriental spruce + Tc + Sp (42.12) and the lowest in Oriental beech + Tc + Si (21.47). This effect may be due to the impacts of impregnation chemical on wood extractives and color pigments in varnish. Accordingly, it should be taken into care for applications where the red and yellow color tone value is important.
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